我认为我的答案可能不够,但出于完整性考虑,它仍然存在(尽管请参阅下面的Boaz评论,以获得更好的答案)
当我们将自己限制为布尔变量时,对于所有,当时都可以看到该声明,并且观察到伪分布是实际分布,也就是说,假设您在多项式解上具有伪分布,满足:(x2i−1)∈Ei∈[n]2nμ(x)xE
∑x∈{−1,1}nμ(x) and ∑x∈{−1,1}nμ(x)p2(x)≥0 for all polynomials p with degree at most n
But degree n polynomials include the indicator polynomial (for example, x1=1,x2=−1,x3=1 has 2−3(1+x1)(1−x2)(1+x3) which is all-zero elsewhere and 1 on that assignment). So μ(x)≥0 for all x∈{−1,1}n, so we conclude μ is an actual distribution over the solutions of E. Degree ℓ pseudo-distributions can be found by using semidefinite programming to find an associated degree ℓ pseudo-expectation operator in nO(ℓ) time, so we can find the actual distribution μ in time nO(n) by using that pseudo-expectation (now an actual expectation) to find all the moments of μ.
So, if |E|=O(1), then you can find a distribution of solutions to E in O(1) time. Of course, brute force search guarantees the same.
However, if the solutions are not necessarily boolean, then degree-2n pseudo-expectations are not sufficient to find a distribution over solutions. As can be seen above, the proof that degree 2n pseudo-distributions are actual distributions depends on the fact that degree n polynomials are sufficient to 'pick out' individual assignments, which is not true more generally. Another way of viewing it is that boolean-variable polynomials are considered mod(x2i), so the degree of every monomial is at most n.
For example, one could consider replacing every binary variable with a 4-ary variable, say by including (x2i−1)(x2i−4)∈E. Then you would have to have a degree 4n pseudo-expectation in order to guarantee recovery of a distribution over solutions.
Now, for theoretical guarantees, it seems like approximating a root of a system of polynomals is also known as Smale's 17th problem, and apparently there is a randomized (Las Vegas) polynomial time algorithm that solves this - see http://arxiv.org/pdf/1211.1528v1.pdf. Note that this seems to be in the Blum-Shub-Smale model, so real operations are the primitive. I am not sure if this gives the guarantee that you need.